Polyamide (PA), inozivikanwawo senaironi, ipolymer ine mapoka emamide mukudzokorora zvikamu pamusana wemamorekuru.Nylon inogona kugadzirwa kuva mapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana, anokweverwa kuita faibha, uye anogonawo kugadzirwa kuita mafirimu, machira nemanamira.Nekuti nylon ine yakanaka mejini kuramba, kupisa kupisa, kupfeka kuramba uye zvimwe zvivakwa, zvigadzirwa zvinogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukupfeka, shinda yeindasitiri, mota, michina, zvemagetsi nemagetsi, zvekufambisa, indasitiri yekurongedza uye mamwe akawanda minda.
Nylon yakadzika maapplications akafara zvakanyanya
Kwakabva: webhusaiti yepamutemo yeLianchuang, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Mhuri yenylon inoramba ichikura, uye kuita kwenylon yakakosha kuri nani
Nylon ine nhoroondo refu uye mhuri inokura.Muna 1935, PA66 yakagadzirwa kekutanga murabhoritari, uye muna 1938, DuPont yakazivisa zviri pamutemo kuzvarwa kwefiber yekutanga yenyika ndokuitumidza kuti naironi.Mumakumi emakore akatevera, mhuri yenaironi yakasimukira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mhando nyowani dzakaita sePA6, PA610, uye PA11 dzakaramba dzichionekwa.PA6 uye PA66.Nemaitiro ekugadzira akakura uye akawanda ekushandisa, PA6 nePA66 achiri iwo maviri anonyanya kudiwa marudzi ezvigadzirwa zvenaironi.
Nhoroondo yekuvandudza yezvigadzirwa zvenylon
Kunobva: China Textile Indasitiri Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Nylon inogona kukamurwa kuita aliphatic, semi-aromatiki, yakazara inonhuhwirira, nezvimwe zvinoenderana nekemikari chimiro checheni huru.Aliphatic polyamide ndeye mutsara wepolymer zvinhu, izvo zvinogara zvichibatanidzwa ne methyl cheni zvikamu uye mapoka amide, uye ine kusimba kwakanaka.Kuiswa kwezvindori zvinonhuhwirira mumusana kunogona kudzikamisa kufamba kwemamorekuru uye kuwedzera tembiricha yekuchinja kwegirazi, nekudaro ichivandudza kupisa kwekupisa uye michina yezvigadzirwa zvenylon.Kana imwe yezvigadzirwa zvepolyamide iine mhete yebenzene, semi-aromatic polyamide inogona kugadzirwa, uye kana zvese zviri zviviri zviine mhete yebenzene, polyamide yakazara inonhuhwirira inogona kugadzirwa.Semi-aromatic polyamide heat resistance, mechanical properties inowedzerwa, uye ine good dimensional stability and solvent resistance, full inonhuwira polyamide ine Ultra-high simba, high modulus, high tembiricha kuramba, acid uye alkali resistance, radiation resistance nezvimwe zvakanaka zvinhu, asi. nekuti yakanyatso symmetrical main cheni chimiro chine dense benzene mhete uye mapoka eamide, saka magadzirirwo acho akadzikira zvishoma, zvakaoma kuwana jekiseni rekuumbwa, mutengo wayo wakakwira zvakati.
Molecular chimiro chemhando dzakasiyana dze polyamide
Kwakabva: China Textile Indasitiri Research Institute, "Structural Properties uye Zvishandiso zveSemi-aromatic Nylon", Changjiang Securities Research Institute.
Classification uye maitiro e polyamide
| classification | marudzi | synthetic nzira | Mamiriro ezvinhu | hunhu |
| Aliphatic group(PAp)
| PA6PA11 PA12
| Nekuvhura-kuvhura polymerization yeamino acids kana lactam, p inomiririra huwandu hweatomu kabhoni pane monoma kabhoni cheni. | Linear polymer zvinhu, inoumbwa nemethyl cheni zvikamu uye mapoka amide anogara akabatana. | Kuomarara kwakanaka |
| Aliphatic group(PAmp)
| PA46PA66 PA610 PA612 PA1010 PA1212
| Inoumbwa ne polycondensation yealiphatic diamine uye aliphatic diacid, m inomiririra nhamba yemaatomu ekabhoni ari mudiamine inoumba chikamu chemusana, uye p inomiririra nhamba yemaatomu ecarbon ari mu diacid inoumba chikamu chemusana. | ||
| Semi inonhuwira (PAxy)
| MXD6PA4T PA6T PA9T PA10T
| Inoumbwa ne polycondensation yeanonhuwirira diacids uye aliphatic aditic adiamines, kana anonhuwirira diacids uye aliphatic diacids, x inomiririra kupfupikiswa kwenhamba yemaatomu ekabhoni kana diamine iri muchikamu chikuru chetani yemadiamine, uye y inomiririra huwandu hweatomu kabhoni. kana ma diacids ari muchikamu chikuru chetani ye diacid | Mapoka epadivi pane yakakonzerwa molecular chain anoparadza kugara kweiyo molecular chain uye inhibit crystallization. | Kupisa kupisa, michina yemagetsi inowedzerwa, kunyura kwemvura kunoderedzwa, uye ine yakanaka dimensional kugadzikana uye kunyungudika kuramba. |
| Boka rinonhuhwirira | PPTA (Aramid 1414) PBA (Aramid 14) MPIA (Aramid 1313) | Polycondensation yeanonhuwirira diacids uye anonhuwirira diamine anogona zvakare kuumbwa nekuzvigadzirisa-kunyorovesa kweamino acids. | Iyo molecular chain skeleton ine alternating benzene mhete nemapoka emamide | Ultra-yakakwirira simba, yakakwirira modulus, yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, asidhi uye alkali kuramba, nemwaranzi kuramba |
Kunobva: China Textile Industry Research Institute,.Zvimiro uye mashandisirwo esemi-anonhuwirira nylon, Changjiang Securities Research Institute.
Kuenzaniswa nemhando dzakajairwa, yakakosha nylon ine nyowani synthetic monomers ine kuita kurinani.Kunyangwe mushure mekugadziridzwa, yakajairika nylon (PA6, PA66, nezvimwewo) ichine zvikanganiso senge yakasimba hydrophilicity, yakakwirira tembiricha kuramba, uye kushata pachena, izvo zvinoganhurira kushandiswa kwayo kusvika pamwero wakati.Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti uvandudze zvikanganiso zveyakajairika nylon uye nekuwedzera hunhu hutsva, nhevedzano yeyakakosha nylon ine akasiyana zvivakwa inogona kuwanikwa nekuunza nyowani synthetic monomers kuti ienderane kune mamwe mashandisiro ekushandisa.Aya manaironi akakosha anosanganisira nylon-yepamusoro-tembiricha, refu kabhoni ketani nylon, naironi inoonekera, bio-based nylon, uye nylon elastomer.
Mhando uye hunhu hwenaironi yakakosha
| Naironi inokosha | marudzi | hunhu | application |
| High tembiricha naironi | PA4T,PA6T,PA9T,PA10T | Inokwezva yakaoma inonhuwirira monomer, inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo inopfuura 150 ° C kwenguva yakareba. | Zvikamu zvemotokari, mekiniki zvikamu, zvemagetsi uye zvemagetsi zvikamu, nezvimwe |
| Long carbon cheni naironi | PA11, PA12, PA612, PA1212, PA1012, PA1313 | Huwandu hwemapoka e-sub-methyl muketani yemamorekuru anodarika gumi, ane zvakanakira kunyura kwemvura yakaderera, yakanaka yakadzika tembiricha kuramba, kugadzikana kwedimensional, kusimba kwakanaka, kupfeka kuramba uye kubatwa nekuvhunduka. | Motokari, kutaurirana, michina, midziyo yemagetsi, aerospace, zvinhu zvemitambo nezvimwe minda. |
| Naironi yakajeka | PA TMDT, PA CM12 | Light transmittance inogona kusvika 90%, nani pane polycarbonate, padyo ne polymethyl methacrylate;Mukuwedzera, ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekushisa, kusimba kwesimba, magetsi ekudzivirira, nezvimwe | Mota, midziyo yemagetsi, zvigadzirwa zvemumaindasitiri, optics, petrochemicals uye mamwe minda. |
| Bio-based nylon | PA11 (Raw material is castor oil) | Iyo synthetic monomer inouya kubva munzira yekubvisa yebiological raw materials, iyo ine zvakanakira yakaderera kabhoni uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. | Zvikamu zvemotokari, midziyo yemagetsi uye 3D indasitiri yekudhinda |
| Nylon elastomer | PEBA | Iyo molecular cheni inoumbwa ne polyamide chain segment uye polyether/polyester segment, ine zvakanakira kusimba kwesimba, yakanaka elastic kupora, yakakwira yakadzika tembiricha yekukanganisa simba, yakadzika tembiricha kuramba uye yakanakisa antistatic kuita. | Shangu dzekufamba-famba, bhutsu dze ski, magiya akanyaradzwa, nzira dzekurapa, nezvimwe |
Kunobva: Aibon Polymer, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Zvakanakira PA12 mune refu kabhoni ketani nylon inoratidzirwa
Yakareba kabhoni cheni nylon ine mashandiro akanaka, uye naironi 12 ine zvese kuita uye mutengo wakanakira.Naironi ine methylene kureba inodarika gumi pakati pemapoka maviri emaamide mumusana wenylon molecular inonzi long carbon chain nylon, uye mhando huru dzinosanganisira naironi 11, naironi 12, naironi 612, naironi 1212, naironi 1012, naironi 1313, nezvimwewo Nylon 12 ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakarebesa kabhoni cheni naironi, mukuwedzera kune yakawanda yezvakajairwa zvimiro zvenaironi, ine kunyura kwemvura yakaderera, uye ine yakakwira dimensional kugadzikana, kupisa kwakanyanya, kusaita ngura, kusimba kwakanaka, kugadzirisa nyore uye. zvimwe zvakanakira.Kuenzaniswa nePA11, imwe refu kabhoni ketani nylon zvinhu, mutengo wePA12 raw material butadiene ingori chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu chePA11 raw material castor oil, inogona kutsiva PA11 muzviitiko zvakawanda, uye ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa mumapombi emafuta emotokari, air brake hoses, tambo dzepasi pemvura, 3D kudhinda uye mamwe akawanda minda.
Kuenzanisa kwekuita kwenylon
| performance | PA6 | PA66 | PA612 | PA11 | PA12 | PA1212 |
| Density (g/cm3) | 1.14 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.02 |
| nzvimbo yekunyungudika (℃) | 220 | 260 | 212 | 185 | 177 | 184 |
| Kunwa mvura [24h(%) mumvura] | 1.8 | 1.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Kunwa kwemvura [kuenzana (%)] | 10.7 | 8.5 | 3 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 |
| Kusimba simba (MPa) | 74 | 80 | 62 | 58 | 51 | 55 |
| Elongation panguva yekuzorora (23 °C, %) | 180 | 60 | 100 | 330 | 200 | 270 |
| Kureba panguva yekuzorora (-40°C, %) | 15 | 15 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 239 |
| Flexural modulus (MPa) | 2900 | 2880 | 2070 | 994 | 1330 | 1330 |
| Rockwell kuoma (R) | 120 | 121 | 114 | 108 | 105 | 105 |
| Heat deflection tembiricha (0.46MPa, ℃) | 190 | 235 | 180 | 150 | 150 | 150 |
| Tembiricha yekudzora kupisa (1.86MPa,°C) | 70 | 90 | 90 | 55 | 55 | 52 |
Kwakabva: Kuvandudza uye Kushandiswa kweNylon 12, Liyue Chemical, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Gare gare, isu tinozotsanangura mamiriro ese eiyo indasitiri yenaironi, uye totarisa tsvagiridzo yedu pakugovera uye kudiwa kweiyo nylon 12 indasitiri.
Iko kushandiswa kune maruva akawanda-inopenya, uye kudiwa kwenylon kwakasimba
Musika wekukura wenylon uri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye specialty nylon inoita zvirinani
Kudiwa kwenylon pasi rose kuri kuramba kuchikura, neChina semusika wakakosha.Sekureva kweReports neData, saizi yemusika wenylon yepasi rose yakasvika madhora 27.29 bhiriyoni muna 2018, uye saizi yemusika inotarisirwa kuramba ichikura pamwero we4.3% mune ramangwana, uye nhamba iyi inotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika pamadhora 38.30 bhiriyoni muna 2026. Nharaunda yeAsia-Pacific imusika wakakosha wekushandisa naironi, ukuwo musika weChinese uchinyanya kukosha.Zvinoenderana nedata reLingao Consulting, huwandu hwekukura kwemusika wenaironi weChina kubva 2011 kusvika 2018 hwakasvika 10.0%, uye muna 2018, nekuda kwekukwira kwehuwandu uye mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvenaironi, saizi yemusika wemba yese yakasvika 101.23 bhiriyoni. yuan, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe30.5%.Kubva pakuona kwedhata rekushandisa, kubatsirwa nekukurumidza kusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika, mashandisirwo ari pachena ezvigadzirwa zvenaironi kuChina kwasvika 4.327 miriyoni matani muna 2018, uye kukura kwekomboni kubva 2011 kusvika 2018 kwasvika 11.0%.
Hukero hwemusika wenaironi wekuChina huri kuramba huchikura
Iko kushandiswa kuri pachena kweindasitiri yenylon muChina kuri kuramba kuchikura
Kunobva: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kunobva: Ling Ao Consulting, General Administration yeCustoms, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Saizi yemusika weakakosha maakaundi naironi inokwana gumi muzana, iyo nylon gumi nembiri inomiririra chikamu chepamusoro.Zvinoenderana nedata reMRFR, saizi yemusika wenylon wepasi rose yaive madhora 2.64 bhiriyoni muna 2018, ichiverengera 9.7% yehuwandu.Iko kudiwa kweakareruka uye girinhi simba rekuchengetedza mota ndiro simba guru rekufambisa mukukura kweiyo yakakosha musika wenaironi, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti musika wepasi rose wenylon ucharamba uchikura pamwero we5.5% mune ramangwana, iro yakakwirira kupfuura iyo indasitiri yenylon.Mumusika wese wakakosha wenaironi, chigadzirwa chikuru pamusika ndeye nylon 12, inogona kushandiswa mumapurasitiki alloys, kugadzira mota, kugadzira ndege, kudhinda kwe3D, midziyo yemagetsi, midziyo yemagetsi, tekinoroji yekurapa, indasitiri yemafuta negesi uye zvimwe minda. , ine simba irreplaceability.Zvinoenderana nedata reMRFR, saizi yemusika wepasi rose wenylon gumi nembiri yakasvika madhora bhiriyoni imwe nemazana manomwe muna 2018 uye inotarisirwa kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pamadhora bhiriyoni gumi nemazana mana muna 2024 pamwero wekukura kwe5.2%.
Kugoverwa kweKunodzika Kwekushandisa kweNylon 12 (2018)
Nylon 12 musika wepasi rose saizi iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma (US $ bhiriyoni)
Kunobva: MRFR Analysis, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kunobva: MRFR Analysis, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Pazasi tinoongorora mashandisirwo enylon 12 mumotokari, 3D kudhinda, mafuta uye gasi kudhirowa uye mamwe akawanda minda.
Kukura kwekuda kunofambiswa nemaitiro emotokari dzakareruka
Munzvimbo yepasi inodikanwa yenylon 12, musika mukuru wekushandisa ndiyo indasitiri yekugadzira mota, uye kushandiswa kwenylon 12 muindasitiri yekugadzira mota kwakaverengera 36.7% yemari yese yemusika muna 2018. Motokari isingaremi ndiyo maitiro makuru mumazuva ano. indasitiri yemotokari, kuderedza huremu hwemotokari, pasina kukanganisa kuchengeteka uye kunyaradza, mhinduro yakanyanya kusimba ndeyekutsiva zvikamu zvesimbi mumotokari.Nylon 12 inogona kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumapombi ekufambisa emotokari, kusanganisira mitsara yemafuta, mitsara yeclutch, vacuum brake supercharger mitsara, mitsara yemabhureki emhepo, mitsara inotonhorera yebhatiri uye majoini emapaipi ari pamusoro, nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwayo uye kuvimbika. mota lightweight material.
Chikamu chekushandiswa kwenylon 12 mumotokari
Kunobva: UBE webhusaiti, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kuenzaniswa nesimbi uye zvinhu zverabha, nylon 12 inopa zvakakosha.Kuenzaniswa nezvinhu zvesimbi, nylon 12 zvinhu zvakareruka, zvinogona kuderedza uremu hwemotokari yose uye nokudaro kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba;Kuchinjika kwakanaka, kurongeka kuri nyore, kunogona kuderedza mubatanidzwa, kwete nyore kukanganisa nekukanganisa kwekunze;Kudengenyeka kwakanaka uye kushorwa kwegora;Iyo yakabatana ine chisimbiso chakanaka uye nyore kuisa;Extrusion iri nyore uye nzira yacho iri nyore.Kuenzaniswa nezvinhu zverabha, mapaipi akagadzirwa nenylon 12 zvinhu ane madziro matete, vhoriyamu diki uye uremu huremu, izvo zvisingakanganisi kurongeka kwenzvimbo;Yakanaka elasticity, inogona kuchengetedza elasticity pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya mamiriro uye yakanakisa kuchembera kuramba;Hapana chikonzero chevulcanization, hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera braid, nyore kugadzirisa tekinoroji.
Kupararira kwemotokari dzakareruka uye motokari itsva dzesimba dziri kutyaira kudiwa kwenylon 12. Inenge 70% yemapombi emotokari (mapombi emabhureki, mapaipi emafuta, hosi dzeclutch, nezvimwewo) muEurope inoshandisa nylon 12 zvinhu, uye 50% yehosi dzemotokari mu United States inoshandisa naironi 12 zvinhu.Kuti ikurudzire kuvakwa kwesimba remotokari, SAE China inopihwa neNational Strategic Advisory Committee yeManufacturing Power neBazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji, uye vanopfuura mazana mashanu nyanzvi muindasitiri iyi vakatsvaga, vakagadzira uye vakaburitsa "Tekinoroji." Roadmap yeMagetsi-ekuchengetedza Magetsi uye New Energy Vehicles ", ichinyora "motokari yakareruka tekinoroji" seimwe yenzira nomwe huru dzehunyanzvi, uye kuisa pamberi chinangwa chekudzikisa huremu hwemotokari ne10%, 20% uye 35% muna 2020, 2025 uye 2030 zvichienzaniswa ne2015, uye maitiro ehuremu anotarisirwa kufambisa kukura kwekudiwa kwezvinhu zvisingaremi.Uye zvakare, nekuvandudzwa kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba, nylon 12 inodiwa kune masisitimu emafuta uye mabhatiri masisitimu emhando dzemagetsi uye dzakasanganiswa.Sezvo kukanganisa kwedenda kuchidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, kugadzirwa uye kutengesa kwemotokari uye mota nyowani dzesimba muChina zvinotarisirwa kudzoka mukukura, izvo zvicharamba zvichifambisa kudiwa kwenylon 12 kuti iwedzere kuwedzera.
Kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzeChina uye kutengesa
Kugadzira uye kutengesa kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba muChina
Kwakabva: China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kwakabva: China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Irreplaceable 3D kudhinda zvinhu
Musika wepasi rose wekudhindisa 3D uri kukura nekukurumidza, uye kumhanya kwemaindasitiri muChina kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.Additive kugadzira (3D kudhinda) ine simba rakadzama pakugadzirwa kwechinyakare chigadzirwa, kuyerera kwemaitiro, mutsara wekugadzira, fekitori modhi, uye maindasitiri cheni musanganiswa nekuda kwekugona kwayo kukurumidza kugadzira akasiyana siyana ehurongwa hwesangano, uye yave imwe yevanonyanya kumiririra uye. zvine chekuita nekukanganisa matekinoroji muindasitiri yekugadzira, uye inozivikanwa seyepakati tekinoroji ye "third industrial revolution".Sekureva kwaWohlers Associates, iyo yepasi rose 3D yekudhinda indasitiri kukosha kwakawedzera kubva pamadhora 1.33 bhiriyoni muna 2010 kusvika pamadhora 8.37 bhiriyoni muna 2018, iine CAGR ye25.9%.Tekinoroji yekuChina yekudhinda 3D yakatanga kunonoka zvichienzaniswa nenyika dzeEurope neAmerica, asi nhanho yemaindasitiri yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweProspective Indasitiri Research Institute, saizi yemusika weChina 3D printing indasitiri yakangosvika zana nemakumi matanhatu emamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2012, uye yakakura nekukurumidza kusvika 2.09 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica muna 2018.
Iko kukosha kwekubuda uye chiyero chekukura kwepasi rose 3D indasitiri yekudhinda
Chiyero uye kukura kwemusika weChina 3D wekudhinda
Kunobva: Wohlers Associates, Mhepo, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kunobva: Aimbove Indasitiri Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Zvishandiso ndiyo yakakosha zvinhu hwaro hwekuvandudza tekinoroji yekudhinda ye3D.Kuita kwezvishandiso kunotarisisa kana 3D kudhinda kungave neyakakura application, uye iri zvakare bhodhoro iro parizvino rinorambidza kuvandudzwa kwe3D kudhinda.Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuMasoko neMasika, saizi yemusika wepasi rose wezvinyorwa zvekudhinda zve3D yakapfuura bhiriyoni imwe muna 2018 uye inotarisirwa kudarika madhora mabhiriyoni mana nemazana mashanu muna 2024. Zvinoenderana nedata reProspective Industry Research Institute, chiyero cheChina chekudhinda 3D. musika wakaramba uchikura nekukurumidza, kubva pamamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu emadhora muna 2012 kusvika 2.99 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2017, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti saizi yemusika yezvinhu zvekuChina zvekudhinda 3D inotarisirwa kudarika mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu eyuan muna 2024.
Global 3D kudhinda zvinhu musika saizi 2017-2024 (US $ bhiriyoni)
2012-2024 China's 3D kudhinda zvinhu musika saizi (100 miriyoni yuan)
Kunobva: Musika uye Misika, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kunobva: Anotarisira Indasitiri Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Nylon 12 zvinhu zvinoita zvakanaka mukudhinda kwe3D.Kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu, PA12 poda ine hunhu hwakanakisa senge yakakwira fluidity, yakaderera static magetsi, yakaderera mvura kunyura, ine mwero kunyunguduka uye yakakwirira dimensional kurongeka kwezvigadzirwa, kuramba kuneta uye kuoma kunogonawo kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemaworkpieces anoda yakakwirira ma mechanical properties, saka. naironi 12 yave zvishoma nezvishoma yave chinhu chakanakira 3D kudhinda kweinjiniya mapurasitiki.
Kushandiswa kwePA12 mukudhinda kwe3D
Kunobva: Sculpteo webhusaiti, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kuenzanisa kwe 3D yekudhinda zvinhu zvivakwa (kunze kwe5)
| 3D kudhinda zvinhu | simba | chitarisiko | tsanangudzo | Kuchinja-chinja |
| Nylon PA12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Nylon.PA11/12 (SLS) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Nylon 3200 Girazi Fiber Yakasimbiswa (SLS) | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Aruminidhi (SLS) | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| PEBA (SLS) | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 |
| Nylon PA12 (MJF) | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Opaque photosensitive resin (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Transparent photosensitive resin (PolyJet) | 4 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| Aluminium ASi7Mgo,6 (SLM) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Simbi isina tsvina 316L (DML S) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Titanium 4Al-4V (DMLS) | 4 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Sterling sirivheri (yakakandwa) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Ndara (kukanda) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| Bronze (kukanda) | 4 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
Kunobva: Sculpteo webhusaiti, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweProspective Indasitiri Research Institute, PA12 yaive yechina yakakura zvinhu muindasitiri yekudhinda ye3D yepasi rose muna 2017, yakaverengera 5.6%, uye muna 2018, zvinhu zvekuChina zvenylon 3D zvekudhinda zvakaita 14.1%.Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvemumba zvenaironi gumi nembiri mune ramangwana kuchaisa hwaro hwekuvandudza kweChina 3D indasitiri yekudhinda.
Global 3D kudhinda zvinhu musika chimiro muna 2017
Chimiro chemusika che 3D kudhinda zvinhu muChina muna 2018
Kunobva: Qianqi Industry Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kunobva: Anotarisira Indasitiri Research Institute, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Yepamusoro-inoshanda zvinhu zveoiri uye gasi kutapurirana indasitiri
Kutakurwa kwemafuta negasi kunoisa zvakanyanya kudiwa pazvinhu.PA12 zvinhu zvave zvichishandiswa mumahombekombe uye kumahombekombe anochinjika risers, gasi pombi, linings, simbi pombi coatings kwemakore akawanda, izvo zvinogona kudzivirira kukukurwa kwemvura yegungwa uye kuparara kwemvura yemafuta, uye inoshandiswa kugadzira anosimuka anokwira ekutakura epasi pegungwa mafuta uye gasi zvigadzirwa uye mvura dzakasanganiswa, gasi rekugovera masisitimu pakumanikidza kusvika ku20bar, nezvimwewo, zvine hupenyu hwesevhisi hwakanaka uye kuchengetedzwa kurinani kwekuora kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu, uye zvinhu zvepamusoro-soro zvekusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yekufambisa oiri negasi.Sepombi yekufambisa gasi, PA12 yakashandiswa kweanopfuura makore gumi.Kuenzaniswa nemapombi esimbi anoshandiswa mune yechinyakare sub-yakakwirira kumanikidza kana yakakwira gasi kufambisa, PA12 gasi mapaipi anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yepombi uye kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekuisa pombi uye kunotevera kugadzirisa.China yakakurudzira mu "Chirongwa chegumi nematatu chemakore mashanu" kuti panguva ye "Chirongwa cheMakore gumi nematatu", anenge makiromita 5,000 epombi dzemafuta asina kuchena, makiromita gumi nemaviri epombi dzemafuta akacheneswa uye makiromita makumi mana egasi nyowani uye mapaipi anotsigira achave. yakavakwa, ichipa kukurudzira kutsva kwekuvandudzwa kwePA12.
PA12 gasi pombi yekuisa saiti muBeckum, Germany
Kwakabva: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, webhusaiti yepamutemo yekambani
Environmental ushamwari uye yakavimbika tambo uye waya sheath
.PA12 inogona kushandiswa kune tambo dzepasi pemvura uye inoyangarara tambo cladding zvinhu, tambo anti-ant sheath, optical fiber sheath.Nylon 12 ine yakaderera embrittlement tembiricha uye yakanakisa yemamiriro ekunze kuramba, iyo inonyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwemunda yakakosha tambo dzekukurukurirana dzinodiwa kune ese-mamiriro ekunze (-50 ~ 70 ° C).Inoshandiswa senge submarine tambo uye inoyangarara tambo cladding zvinhu, inofanirwa kufunga nezve yakasarudzika nharaunda uye akakosha mamiriro ekushanda mukushandiswa kwemugungwa, saka waya inodiwa kuti ive nediki rekunze dhayamita, kupfeka kuramba, kumira kumwe kumanikidzwa kwemvura, simba rakakwana rekusimba, uye zvakakwana kudzivirira kudzivirira mumvura yegungwa.Nylon 12 yakanaka insulator yemagetsi, haizokanganisa mashandiro ekudzivirira nekuda kwekunyorova, kunyangwe ikaiswa mumvura (kana mumvura yegungwa) kwenguva yakareba, kudzivirira kwayo kwekudzivirira kuchiri kwakanyanya, kunenge kurongeka kwehukuru hwepamusoro. kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu zvenaironi, kushandiswa kwePA12 material cladding wire corrosion effect yakanaka, yakaiswa pasi pegungwa kwemakore matatu pasina shanduko.Cable anti-mosquito sheath yakambogadzirwa ne PE, PVC ine mushonga wezvipembenene kana yendarira tepi yekuputira nzira, kune mutengo wakakura, kusagadzikana kuchengetedza, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza, kusagadzikana kwechokwadi nguva uye zvimwe zvinoshomeka, kushandiswa kwenylon 12 sheath ikozvino nzira yakavimbika uye yakasununguka.Uye zvakare, iyo chiratidzo chekurasikirwa kwe optical fiber sheath yakagadzirwa nePA12 zvinhu ndiyo yakaderera pakati pezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, saka inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu optical fiber communication cable sheath.
Nylon 12 yepurasitiki optical fiber (POF)
Kwakabva: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, webhusaiti yepamutemo yekambani
Photovoltaic, magetsi, kupeta, kurongedza, minda yekurapa vane matarenda avo
Mumakore achangopfuura, zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinodiwa kuti zvimhanye neruzha rwakaderera, uye zvikamu zvinogadzirwa nenylon 12 zvinogona kunyaradzwa, uye zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumatepi rekodha, magiya ewachi, waya dzemagetsi uye madiki madiki machanicha zvikamu.Iyo resistivity yenylon 12 inoshanduka zvakanyanya nekupisa, uye shanduko yekubata idiki, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira tembiricha inonzwa zvikamu zvemagumbeze emagetsi nemakapeti emagetsi.
Yakaputirwa nenylon 12, iyo firimu yekuputira ine yakanakisa kupfeka kusagadzikana, saka inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-giredhi machira uye adhesives.PA12 inogona kushandiswa mundiro yekugezera yedhishi nyowani kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti simbi yembiya rack haina kusakara mumhoteredzo yemhando yepamusoro yekuchenesa maajenti uye ine hupenyu hurefu hwebasa;Inogona zvakare kuiswa kune fenicha yekunze, senge mabhenji epaki, ayo anogona kunyatso kudzivirira simbi corrosion mushure mekuputira PA12.
PA12 film transparent, non-chepfu, mhute yemvura uye gasi (Oz, N2, CO2) transmittance yakaderera, yakachengetwa mumvura iri kufashaira kwegore rimwechete kuita isina kuchinjika, uye polyethylene inoputika extrusion composite firimu inogona kushandiswa kugadzira firimu pepa, naro chengetedza uye rongedza chikafu, nezvakanakira zvekunhuhwirira, steam sterilization kuramba uye yakaderera tembiricha yakanaka.Nylon 12 ine kunamatira kwakanaka kune simbi, uye kana ichibatanidza chikafu, kukosha kwekuvharisa ndeye 100%, uye kupenengura simba kwakakwira.
PA12 inoshandiswawo sechinhu chekurapa chehukoti, uko michina yemidziyo yecatheter inonyanya kukosha, uye catheter yakagadzirwa inofanira kunge iri nyore kupinza, asi isina kukotama uye kusambodambuka.PA12 chinhu chakanakisa chekugadzirwa kwecatheter nekuda kwekunyanya kuputika, kuchinjika kwakanaka, makemikari kuramba, kuenderana nemvura yemuviri uye isina chepfu, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neUS Food and Drug Administration uye European Union yezvigadzirwa zvekurapa.
Makambani ekunze anodzora kupihwa, kugadzirwa kwemumba kunotarisirwa kupaza nekukurumidza kusimudzira indasitiri yenaironi, uye pachine mukaha muzvikamu zvepamusoro.
Kugadzirwa kwenaironi kweChina kuri kukura nekukurumidza, asi zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvichiri kuda kutengwa kunze kwenyika.Mumakore achangopfuura, tichibatsirwa nekuwedzera kwekupihwa mudzimba kwe caprolactam, iyo huru yenylon 6, uye nekukasira kudhonzwa kwekudzika kwemvura kudiwa, tekinoroji yekugadzira naironi yeChina yakavandudzwa nekukurumidza, uye kugona kwekugadzira kwapinda mudanho rekukurumidza kusimudzira. .Muna 2018, huwandu hwegore hwekugadzira hweindasitiri yenaironi yeChina hwasvika 5.141 miriyoni matani, CAGR = 12.7% kubva 2011 kusvika 2018, uye zvakabuda zvakakurawo nekukurumidza nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, nekubuda kwemamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu emamiriyoni muna 2018 uye CAGR = 15.8% Kubva muna 2011 kusvika muna 2018. Kubva pakuona kwekupinza uye kutumira kunze data, indasitiri yenaironi yekuChina yakachengetedza zvinhu kunze kwenyika, ine mambure ekunze anosvika 508,000 matani muna 2019, kunyanya zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvichine kutsamira kukuru kune kunze kwenyika, uye kune yakakura. nzvimbo yekuchinja kunze mune ramangwana.
Kuwanda kwekugadzira naironi kweChina kuri kuramba kuchikura
Mumakore achangopfuura, kupinza uye kutumira kunze kwenyika indasitiri yenylon muChina
Kunobva: Lingao Consulting, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kwakabva: General Administration yeCustoms, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi zvinogadzira kutarisisa kwakanyanya, uye oligopolies inotonga nylon 12 musika
Iyo mainstream kugadzirwa kwenylon 12 ioxime nzira, uye zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi zvakakwirira.Nylon 12 inowanzogadzirirwa ne cyclododecatriene (CDT) uye laurolactam ring-opening polycondensation inoshandisa butadiene sezvinhu zvakasvibiswa, uye nzira yacho inosanganisira nzira ye oxime, optical nitrosation method uye Snya nzira, iyo nzira ye oxime ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.Kugadzirwa kwenylon 12 neoxidation oxime nzira inoda kuenda nematanho manomwe, akadai se triperization, catalytic hydrogenation, oxidation, ketification, oximization, Beckmann rearrangement, ring-opening polymerization, nezvimwewo, uye maitiro ese anoshandisa benzene, fuming sulfuric acid. uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine muchetura uye zvinoparadza mbishi, tembiricha yekuvhura polymerization inoda kuva 270-300 ° C, uye matanho ekugadzira akaoma kushanda.Parizvino, vagadziri vazhinji vanomiririrwa naEvonik vanoshandisa nzira yakajairwa yebutadiene seyakagadzirwa, uye mushure mekunge Ube Industries yeJapan yawana rezinesi rehunyanzvi reBritish Petrochemical Company, yakatora nzira yecyclohexanone seyakagadzirwa kuti iwane kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwePA12. .
Synthetic nzira yenylon 12
| Synthesis process | Sumo yakadzama |
| Oxidation nguva-yakavakirwa nzira | Ichishandisa butadiene seyakasvibirira, CDT yakagadzirwa pasi pechiito cheZiegler catalyst, hydrogenated kugadzira cyclododecane, ndokuzoiswa oxidized kugadzira cyclododecane, dehydrogenated kugadzira cyclododecane, cyclododecone oxime hydrochloride yakagadzirwa, uye laurolactangearrangement yakawanikwa zvakare neBeckarrangement yakawanikwa zvakare. polycondensation kuwana naironi 12 |
| Optical nitrosation nzira | Pasi pekuvhenekera kwemwenje we-high-pressure mercury rambi, cyclododecane inobatwa ne nitrosyl chloride kuti iwane cyclododecone hydrochloride, laurolam inowanikwa nekufambiswa kweiyo concentrated sulfuric acid, uye pakupedzisira polymerized kuwana naironi 12. |
| Snyafa | Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa nekambani yeItaly Snia Viscosa, ichishandisa cyclododecylcarboxylic acid kana munyu wayo seyakabikwa, pamberi pe sulfuric acid kana fuming sulfuric acid, kuitira kuti iyo uye yakaenzana kana kuwanda kwe nitrosating agent kugadzirira yakakwirira-kuchena laurythromide. uye polymerize kugadzira naironi 12 |
| Cyclohexanone nzira | Chimwe chikamu che cyclohexanone, hydrogen peroxide uye ammonia inogadziriswa ne carboxylate kana ammonium munyu kuti iwane 1,1-peroxide dicyclohexylamine, iyo yakasvibiswa kuva 1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid nekupisa, uye ne-products caprolactam uye cyclohexanone.Caprolactam inogona kushandiswa kugadzira naironi 6, nepo cyclohexanone inogona kushandiswazve.Zvadaro, 1,1-cyanoundecanoic acid inoderedzwa nehydrogen, uye pakupedzisira W aminododecanoic acid inowanikwa, iyo inopolymezesa kugadzira naironi 12. |
Kwakabva: Kuvandudzwa uye Kushandiswa kweYakareba Carbon Chain Nylon 11, 12 uye 1212, Changjiang Securities Research Institute.
Pasi pe oligopoly, iyo nylon 12 indasitiri yevasungwa yakakwira zvakanyanya.Mu70s yezana ramakore rechi20, nylon 12 yakatanga kugadzirwa neDegussa yeGermany, yakatangira Evonik Industries (Evonik), uyezve Swiss EMS, French Arkema neJapan Ube Industries (UBE) yakazivisawo nhau dzekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye. vagadziri vakuru vana vakanyatsogona tekinoroji yekugadzira naironi 12 kweinoda kusvika hafu yezana ramakore.Parizvino, simba rekugadzira naironi 12 pasi rose rinopfuura 100,000 matani / gore, iro Evonik ine simba rekugadzira rinosvika zviuru makumi mana zvematani / gore, yekutanga.Muna 2014, INVISTA yakamhan'ara zvikumbiro zvenaironi gumi nembiri, vachitarisira kupinda mumusika wenylon 12 resin, asi kusvika parizvino hapana nhau dzekugadzirwa.
Nekuda kwekumisikidzwa kwenzvimbo yemakwikwi, supply-side emergency emergency ichave nemhedzisiro yakakura pakupihwa kwemusika wese.Semuenzaniso, munaKurume 31, 2012, fekitori yeEvonik muMarl, Germany, yakakonzera kuputika nekuda kwekudonha kwemoto, zvichikanganisa kugadzirwa kweCDT yakakosha yemwedzi inopfuura 8, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwakanyanya kweCDT. kutendeuka kwakatungamira kune kusimba kwepasi rose kwePA12, uye zvakatokonzera kuti vamwe vagadziri vemota dzepasi vatadze kutanga zvakajairika.Yakanga isiri iyo Evonik CDT chirimwa chadzoserwa mukugadzirwa mukupera kwa2012 kuti kupihwa kwenylon 12 kwakatangazve zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kuzadzisa kudiwa kwakasimba, hofori yakazivisa hurongwa hwekuwedzera kugadzirwa.Kuitira kuzadzisa kudiwa kwakasimba kwepasi kwePA12 zvinhu, muna 2018, Arkema yakazivisa kuti ichawedzera huwandu hwayo hwekugadzira zvinhu hwepasi rose hwePA12 ne25% pamusasa wayo weChangshu muChina, uye inotarisirwa kutanga kugadzirwa pakati pa2020.Evonik yekuGermany yakazivisawo mari inosvika mazana mana emamiriyoni emadhora yekudyara kuwedzera huwandu hwayo hwekugadzira zvinhu PA12 ne50 muzana kuMarl Industrial Park, iyo yakarongerwa kutanga mashandiro ekutanga kwa2021.
Dzimwe PA12 zvivakwa zvekugadzira muMarl
Iyo nylon 12 indasitiri yekutarisa yakakwira zvakanyanya
Kunobva: Evonik webhusaiti, Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Kunobva: Changjiang Securities Research Institute
Nerubatsiro rwemitemo nemitemo, mabhizinesi epamba ari kutarisana nematambudziko
Mabhizinesi emudzimba akabata refu kabhoni cheni naironi, uye mamwe marudzi akaita budiriro.Mumakore makumi mashanu ezana ramakore rapfuura, China yakatanga kuyedza kuisa kugadzirwa kwenaironi yakakosha inomiririrwa neakareba kabhoni ketani nylon, asi nekuda kwenzira dzakaomarara dzemaitiro, yakaoma mamiriro ekugadzira, akawanda ekubatanidza matanho, kudhura kwakanyanya uye zvimwe zvinhu, kusvika kuma90s. , China yakareba kabhoni cheni yekugadzira naironi muindasitiri yakanga ichiri kumira.Munguva ye "Chipfumbamwe-Chirongwa cheMakore Mashanu", boka rekutsvagisa naironi reZhengzhou University neInstitute of Microbiology yeChinese Academy yeSainzi vakabatana vakabata chirongwa chetsvakiridzo chesainzi uye tekinoroji, vakatsvaga nekugadzira tekinoroji yekugadzira maindasitiri yekugadzira PA1212 ne. bio-fermentation yedodeca-carbodiacid, uye yakabatana neShandong Zibo Guangtong Chemical Company kuti iwane kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uyezve, Shandong Guangyin New Materials Co., Ltd. yakaitawo budiriro muPA610, PA612, PA1012 uye mamwe marudzi.
PA12 yakanyanya kuoma, uye kubudirira kunogona kutarisirwa nerubatsiro rwemitemo.Muna 1977, Jiangsu Huaiyin Research Institute of Chemical Indasitiri uye Shanghai Institute of Synthetic Materials vakabatana kuita synthesis yenylon 12 nebutadiene seyakagadzirwa.Mushure mezvo, Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd. (yaimbova Yueyang Petrochemical General Plant) yakaita diki-diki synthesis chidzidzo chenylon 12 ine cyclohexanone seyakagadzirwa, asi nekuda kweiyo nzira yekubatanidza yePA12 kusvika kumatanho manomwe uye zvipingamupinyi zvakanyanyisa, mabhizinesi epamba haasati awana kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye PA12 ichiri kuvimba nekutenga kunze kwenyika.Mumakore achangopfuura, China yakaramba ichiunza mitemo yekukurudzira kugadzirwa kweindasitiri yenaironi, nekushingaira kusimudzira maitiro ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvenaironi, nerubatsiro rwemitemo, mabhizinesi epamba acharamba achitarisana nematambudziko, anotarisirwa kuputsa maitiro ehumwe chete. yePA12.
Gwaro iri rinokurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri akakosha enaironi akadai seakareba kabhoni ketani naironi
| Nguva yakabudiswa | Publishing agency | zita | content |
| 2016/10/14 | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology | Petrochemical uye Chemical Industry Development Plan (2016-2020) | Kurumidza kuvandudzwa kweiyo refu kabhoni ketani nylon uye yakanyanya tembiricha inodzivirira naironi |
| 2016/11/25 | China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. inoshandira pamwe nemasangano gumi nerimwe emaindasitiri nemasangano, anosanganisira China Machinery Industry Federation, China Iron and Steel Industry Association, neChina Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. | Investment Guide yeTekinoroji Shanduko uye Kukwidziridzwa kwemaIndasitiri Enterprises (2016 Edition) | Kutariswa uye kutungamira kwekudyara munguva ye "Gumi neMatatu-Makore-Chirongwa" chakatsanangurwa, kusanganisira yakakwira-tembiricha inodzivirira naironi, refu kabhoni ketani nylon, nezvimwe. |
| 2019/8/30 | China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd. inoshandira pamwe nemasangano gumi nerimwe emaindasitiri nemasangano, anosanganisira China Machinery Industry Federation, China Iron and Steel Industry Association, neChina Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. | Yekudyara Gwaro reShanduro yeTekinoroji uye Kukwidziridzwa kwemaIndastiri Enterprises (2019 Edition) | Basa repakati rekusimudzirwa kwemaindasitiri eChina mumakore gumi anotevera rinosanganisira maindasitiri epamusoro-soro efiber akaita senaironi inodzivirira kupisa uye refu kabhoni cheni naironi. |
Kwakabva: Bazi reIndasitiri uye Ruzivo rweTekinoroji, China International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., China Machinery Industry Federation, nezvimwewo, Changjiang Securities Research Institute.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-14-2022